Fuel injection pump



Aug. 16, 1938.

T. V. BUCKWALTER INJECTION PUMP Filed Febv. l, 1935 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 m zf j,

Aug. V16, 1938. T. v. BUcKwALTER FUEL INJECTION PUMP 3 Sheets-Sheet 3Filed Feb. l, 1955 v /N VENTO/a l wir Patented Aug. 16, 1938 Y vUNITEDSTATES .PATENT oFFlcE 2,126,985 g FUEL INJECTION PUMP Tracy V.Buckwaltcr, Canton, Ohio, assigner to The Timken Roller Bearing Company,Canton, Ohio, a corporation of Ohio Application February 1, 1935, SerialNo. 4,442

13 Claims. (Cl. 103-41) thereof, particularly as respects the rotaryad-l justment of theV pump plunger.

The invention consists in the fuel injection pump, and in the parts andcombinations and ari rangements of parts hereinafter described andclaimed.

In the accompanying drawings, which form part of this specification, andwherein like numerals refer to like parts wherever they occur,

Fig. 1 is a central vertical section through a fuel pump embodying myinvention, the plunger being shown at the end of its suction stroke,

Fig. 2 is a view similar to Fig. 1 with the plunger shown at the end ofits compression i stroke, Y

Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 are horizontal sections on the lines 3-3, I-I,5-5, 6 6, 1-1, respectively, in Fig. l,

Fig. 8 is a view showing in side elevation the i plunger, cylinder andregulating sleeve in assembled relation and the disassembled plungerbush ing, regulating sleeve retainer, regulating sleev spring followerand tappet,

Fig. 9 is a horizontal cross-section, similar to i Fig. 3, showing a,modified arrangement for adjusting the pump cylinder,

Fig. 10 is a view of the lower end of the pump plunger, showing a modiedarrangement for securing the split plunger bushing thereto, A

i Fig. 11 is an inner side view of one of the sections of the splitbushing shown in Fig. 10,

Fig. 12 is a horizontal sectional view on the line I2-I2 in Fig. 10,

Fig. 13 is a fragmentary vertical central secl tion through a pumpprovided with a plunger rotating mechanism ,of modified form,

Fig. 14 isa horizontal section on the line I4-I4 in Fig. 13; and

Fig. 15 is a side view of the regulating sleeve i shown in-Fig. 13.

'Ihe working parts ofthe pump are enclosed in a housing I whichk has anenlarged bottom chamber 2 extending longitudinally of the housing andenclosing a ycam` shaft 3 upon which is i provided a cam or tappet 4 foreach pump plunger orpiston. The housing is provided with vertical boresthat communicate Vwith the longitudinal chamber 2 and eachof whichcontains a pump cylinder 5 and plunger 6 together with actuating idevices for the plunger.

Each pump cylinder 5 has an enlarged collar portion 1 seated on a shelfformed in the housing I. As shown in Fig. 3, each cylinder is providedin' its outer surface with notches 8 that face one side wall of thehousing and are engagedby the 5 ends of screws 9 mounted in said sidewall and provided with lock nuts I0. By means of these screws.' theangular position of the cylinder in the housing may be very accuratelyadjusted.

Fig. 9 illustrates a modified form of cylinder adl0 justing meanswherein the cylinder is provided with notches 8a forming a rib II whoseopposite sides are engaged by adjusting screws 9a mounted in theopposite side walls of the housing and provided with lock nuts Illa. l5

Extending through the housing I are a longitudinal passageway I2,receiving liquid fuel from a fuel feed pump (not shown) andcommunicating with a transverse feed opening I3 through the lwall ofeach cylinder 5, and alongitudinal passageway I4 for overow fuel. Saidoveriiow passageway communicates with a transverse overflow opening I5in the wall of each cylinder opposite the inlet opening I3. The inletopening I3'and the overilow opening I5 are preferably 25 disposed atdifferent levels. The plungers 6 are of the general type provided with arecessed portion I6 having an inclined wall and communicating with aperipheral recess I1, whereby the effective feed stroke of the plungermay be reguiated by varying the angular position thereof. The bore ofthe cylinder 5 is of even diameter throughout its length; and a fueldischarge valve I8 is seated in the upper end of said cylinder. Fittingover the end of the cylinder is a hollow shell I9 threaded into theupper end of the housing I and seated against a gasket 20 on the top ofthe collar 1 of said cylinder. In the upwardly extending Kportion of theshell I9 is mounted a spring 2I,fwhich normally holds the fuel dis- 40charge valve I8 against a beveled seat 22 proyided therefor in the upperend of the cylinder 5. A fuel discharge pipe 23 has a conical tip 2lthat is seated in a conical counterbore in the end of said shell and theend of said discharge pipe is held in position by.- means of a cap 25threaded onto the end of said shell and having a flange overlapping theshoulderformed by the tip portion .of said pipe.

Mounted in each vertical bore of said housing is a tappet cup 26. whosebottom is engaged by thecam or tappet 4 on said cam shaft 3. Mounted inthe tappet cup 26 is a cup follower member f 21 that has drivingengagement with the lower portion of the plunger and that also has adriving engagement with said tappet cup as by means of notches 28 in thefollower member that straddle upwardly extending tongues 29 on saidtappet member.

The tappet cup 26 also has driving engagement with a rotary sleeve 30mounted in the upper portion of said vertical bore and having a portionof its periphery toothed, as at 3|, to cooperate with the teeth of arack 32 mounted in a longitudinal recess in said housing l. Said tootheddriving sleeve may be provided with .a cap 33 at its upper end, said caphaving a retaining tongue 33a bent into a recess 34 in the upper end ofthe outer wall of said driving sleeve 30. A

spring 35 is interposed between the sleeve retaining cap 33 and the cupfollower 21, so that the driving sleeve 30 is held upwardly in thehousing and said cup follower and the tappet cup 26 are held downwardlyin thehousing. Preferably, the driving connection between the tappet cup26 and the driving sleeve 30 comprises the projecting tongues 29 on saidcup and cooperating grooves 3B in the outer face of said sleeve. l

As shown in Figs. 1 and '1, the plunger 6 has areversely tapered portion31 of reduced diameter, whose middle or smallest portion issubstantially square in cross-section. A split bush or sleeve 38 ismounted on the lower end of the plunger and has a squared upper endthat' ts the squared portion 31 of said plunger and forms a drivingconnection therewith. The follower cup 21 has a central annular boss 21athat is squared to iit the bush 38 and thus form a. driving connectionbetween said bush and the tappet cup 2B.

As shown in Figs. 10, 11 and 12, the reversely tapering reduced portionof the plunger may beprovided with serrations 39 that cooperate withinternal serrations 40 in the two half rings of a bush 38a to form thedriving connection between said bush and said plunger.

'The housing I is provided with a longitudinal lubricant passageway 4Iabove the bottom chamber 2, said passageway opening into the verticalbore for each tappet cup. As shown in Fig. 7, a peripheral groove 42communicates with this longitudinal passageway and extends around eachtappet cup26. Thus oil is fed onto the periphery of each tappet cup andthe reciprocation of said cup causes the oil to work upwardly anddownwardly. Some of the upwardly working oil passes into the followermember 21 and thence through holes 43 in the bottom thereof into thetappet cup 26 which is also provided with holes 44 through its bottom sothat the oil may work its way onto the tappet member 4.

In the modification shown in Figs. 13 to 1 5, the tappet cup 26a isprovided with upwardly extending tongues 29a that slidably engagedownwardly opening notches 36a. provided therefor in the regulatingsleeve 30a. Said sleeve is held upwardly in the bore provided thereforin the pump housing l a by means of a screw 45 thatis threaded into thewall of said housing with its inner end seated within a groove 34aprovided therefor in said sleeve. A direct driving connection is formedbetween the tappet cup 26a and the plunger 6a by means of a squared orflat-sided head 46 at the lower end of said plunger that seats within asimilarly shaped recess 41 provided therefor-in the bottom of saidtappet cup. The lower end of the plunger retracting spring 35a. bearsagainst a plate 48 which is slipped over the working end of the plungerand bears against a collar 49 provided therefor on said plunger justabove the squared end portion 46 thereof.

The above described construction has many advantages. It is very simpleand it provides an eifective drive for rotating the piston. The partsare adequately lubricated including the tappet mechanism and the wearwill be distributed over the bottom of the tappet cup by reason of itsoscillating movement. The fuel discharge valve is mounted directly inthe head of the cylinder and the cylinder is accurately positioned andis held against rotary movement in either direction.

Obviously, numerous changes may be made without departing from thespirit of my invention and, therefore, I do not wish to be limited tothe precise arrangement shown and described.

What I claim is: l

1. A fuel injection pump comprising a housing, a cylinder therein, apiston reciprocable in said cylinder and projecting therebelow, a sleevemember rotatably mounted in said housing con- 1 centric with saidcylinder, a tappet cup member secured to the projecting portion of saidpiston below and in endwise alinement with said sleeve, and a tappet foractuating said tappet cup, the wall of one of said sleeve and tappet cupmembers having circumferentially spaced'longitudinal extensions thatengage correspondingly spaced recesses in the other of said members, soas to permit relative axial movement but prevent relative rotarymovement of said members.

2. A fuel injection pump comprising a housing, a cylinder therein, apiston reciprocable in said cylinderA and projecting therebelow, asleeve rotatably mounted in said housing concentric with said cylinder,a cup member secured to the projecting portion ,of said piston, a tappetcup in which said cup is nested and interlocked, and a tappet foractuating said tappet cup, said sleeve and said tappet cup havingcooperating tongue and slot portions permitting relative axial movementbut preventing relative rotary movement.

3. A fuel injection pump comprising a housing, a cylinder therein, apiston reciprocable in said cylinder and projecting therebelow, saidpis- -ton having a reversely tapered reduced portion on its projectinglower end portion, a sleeve rotatably mounted in said housing concentricwith said cylinder, a follower cup fixed on said reduced portion of saidpiston, and a tappet cup in which said follower cup is nested andinterlocked, said sleeve and said tappet cup having cooperating tongueand slot portions permitting relative axial movement but preventingrelative rotary movement.

4. A fuel injection pump comprising a housing, a cylinder therein, apiston reciprocable in said cylinder and projecting therebelow, saidprojecting portion of said piston being generally of the same size asthe portion thereof in said cylinder and having a portion of reducedsize, a bush nonrotatably xed on said reduced portion and a cupnonrotatably xed on said bush, a tappet cup in which said cup is nestedand .interlocked and means for rotating said -tappet A fuel injectionpump comprising a housing, a cylinder therein, a piston reciprocable insaid cylinder and projecting therebelow, said projecting portion of saidpiston being generally of the same size as the portion thereof insaidcylinder and having a portion of reduced size, a bush nonrotatablyfixed on said reduced Vportion and a cup nonrotatably iixed on saidbush, a-

sleeve rotatably mounted in said housing concentric withsaid cylinder, atapped cup in which said cup is nested and interlocked and a tappet foractuating said tappet cup, said sleeve and said tappet cup havingcooperating tongue and socket portions permitting relative axialmovement but preventing relative rotary movement.

6. A fuel injection pump comprising a housing, a cylinder therein, apiston reciprocable in said cylinder and projecting therebelow, saidprojecting portion of said piston being generally of the same size asthe portion thereof in said cylinder and having a tapered portion ofreduced size, a tapered bush nonrotatably fixed on said reduced portionand a cup nonrotatably fixed on said bush, a tappet cup in which saidcup is nested and interlocked, a sleeve rotatably mounted in saidhousing concentric with said cylinder, said sleeve and said tappet cuphaving cooperating tongue and slot portions, and a spring pressing saidsleeve upwardly and said cup and tappet cup downwardly.

7. A fuel injection pump comprising a housing, a cylinder therein, apiston reciprocable in said cylinder and projecting therebelow, said.piston having a reversely tapered reduced portion on its projectinglower end portion, a split bush nonrotatably mounted on said reverselytapered reduced portion of said piston, a sleeve rotatably mounted insaid housing concentric with said cylinder, a cup nonrotatably connectedwith said bush for rotary and axial movement therewith; said sleeve andsaid cup having cooperating tongue and slot portions permitting relativeaxial movement but preventing relative rotary movement, a cap closingthe top of said sleeve, a spring interposed between said cap' and saidcup, forcing said sleeve upwardly and said cup downwardly and meansformoving said cup upwardly.

8. A fuel injection pump comprising a housing, a cylinder therein, apiston reciprocable in said cylinder and projecting therebelow, a sleeverotatably mounted in said housing concentric with said cylinder, a cup`operatively connected with said piston for rotary and axial movementtherewith, said sleeve and said cup having cooperating portionspermitting relative axial movement but preventing relative rotarymovement, a cap xed to the top of said sleeve, a spring interposedbetween said cap and said cup, forcing said sleeve upwardly and said cupdownwardly and means for moving said cup upwardly.

9. A fuel injection pump comprising a housing, a cylinder therein, apiston reciprocable in said cylinder and projecting therebelow, saidpiston having a reversely tapered reduced portion on its projectinglower end portion, a split bush nonrotatably mounted on said reverselytapered reduced portion of said piston, a sleeve rotatably mountedinsaid housing concentric with said cylinder, a follower cup nonrotatablyconnected with said bush for rotary and axial movement therewith, atappet cup in which said follower cup is nested and interlocked, atappet engaging the underside of said tappet cup, said sleeve and saidtappet cup having cooperating tongue and slot portions permittingrelative axial movement but preventing relative rotary movement, a capclosing the top of said sleeve and a. spring interposed between said capand said follower cup, forcing said sleeve upwardly and forcing saidfollower cup downwardly to hold said tappet cup in engagement with thetappet.

10. A fuel injection pump comprising a housing, a cylinder therein, apiston reciprocable in said cylinder and projecting therebelow, saidpiston having a reversely tapered reduced portion on.its projectinglower endportion, a sleeve rotatably mounted in said housing concentricwith said cylinder, a follower cup nonrotatably mounted on said reducedportion of said piston, a tappet cup in which said follower cup' isnested and interlocked, a tappet cooperatingfwith said tappet cup, saidsleeve and said tappet cup having cooperating tongue and slot portionspermitting relative axial movement but preventing relative rotarymovement, a cap mounted in the top of said sleeve, said sleeve having anotch near its top and said cap having a securing tongue extending intosaid notch thereby holding said cap on said sleeve and closing the endof said sleeve and a spring interposed between said cap and saidfollower cup, forcing said sleeve upwardly and forcing said follower cupdownwardly to hold said tappet cup in engagement, with the tappet.

11. A fuel injection pump comprising a housing, a cylinder therein, apiston reciprocable in said cylinder and projecting therebelow, a sleeverotatably mounted in said housing concentric with said cylinder, meansconnecting said sleeve and said piston permitting relative axialmovement but preventing relative rotary movement, a cap mounted on topof said sleeve, said sleeve having a notch near its top and said caphaving a securing tongue extending into said notch thereby holding saidcap on said sleeve, and a spring interposed between said piston and saidsleeve with its upper end in engagement with said cap and with-its lowerend in engagement with a portion of said connecting means.

12. A fuel injection pump comprising a housing, a cylinder therein, apiston reciprocable in said cylinder and projecting therebelow, a sleeverotatably mounted in said housing concentric with said cylinder, atappet cup secured to the projecting portion of said piston below and inendwise alinement with said sleeve, and a tappet for actuating saidtappet cup, the outer face of said sleeve being provided withcircumferentially spaced longitudinal grooves and the upper end of saidtappet cup being provided'with correspondingly spaced upwardly extendingtongues that slidably engage said grooves, thereby permitting relativeaxial movement but preventing relative rotary movement of said sleeveand tappet cup.

13. A fuel injection pump comprising a housing provided with a bore, acylinder supported in the upper end portion of said bore, a pistonreciprocable in said cylinder and projecting therebelow, a sleevejournaled in said bore, a tappet cup nonrotatably secured to theprojecting portion of said piston below and in endwise alinement withsaid sleeve and rotatably supported in said bore, and a tappet foractuating said tappet cup, the opposing ends ofthe wallsof said sleeveand said tappet cup being provided with cooperating tongues and notchespermitting relative axial movement but preventing relative rotarymovement of said sleeve and said tappet cup l

